A battery refers to a portion of the space in a cup, tank, or other container or composite container that contains an electrolyte solution and metal electrodes to generate electrical current. It is a device that can convert chemical energy into electrical energy. There are positive and negative poles. With the advancement of technology, batteries generally refer to small devices that can generate electrical energy. Like solar cells. The performance parameters of batteries mainly include electromotive force, capacity, specific energy, and resistance. By using batteries as an energy source, stable voltage, stable current, long-term stable power supply, and minimal external influence can be obtained. The battery structure is simple, easy to carry, and the charging and discharging operations are simple and feasible. It is not affected by external climate and temperature, and its performance is stable and reliable. It plays a significant role in various aspects of modern social life.

In 1746, Mason Brock of Leiden University in the Netherlands invented the "Leiden bottle" for collecting electric charges. Because he saw the hard-earned electricity gradually disappearing in the air, he wanted to find a way to preserve it. One day, he suspended a gun barrel in the air, connected an electric motor to the barrel, and inserted a copper wire from the barrel into a glass bottle containing water. He asked an assistant to hold the glass bottle with one hand, while Mason Brock vigorously shook the motor on the side. At this moment, his assistant accidentally bumped his other hand into the gun barrel, and he suddenly felt a strong electric shock and shouted. Mason Brock then swapped with his assistant and asked him to start the motor. He held a water bottle with one hand and touched the gun barrel with the other.